Terminal Codes & Commands

Essential macOS & Linux Commands

Command	Description
pwd	Show current directory
ls	List directory contents
ls -la	List all files with details
cd <dir>	Change directory
cd ..	Go up one level
mkdir -p <dir>	Create directory recursively
rm -rf <dir>	Remove directory and contents
cp -r <src> <dst>	Copy directory recursively
mv <old> <new>	Move or rename
cat <file>	Print file contents
less <file>	View file page by page
head -20 <file>	First 20 lines
tail -20 <file>	Last 20 lines
grep "pattern" <file>	Search text in file
find . -name "*.md"	Find files by name
which <cmd>	Show command path
whoami	Current user
uname -a	System info

Productivity

Command	Description
history	Command history
!!	Repeat last command
Ctrl + R	Reverse search history
Ctrl + C	Cancel current command
Ctrl + L	Clear screen
Ctrl + A	Jump to line start
Ctrl + E	Jump to line end
Alt + F	Jump forward one word
Alt + B	Jump backward one word
pbcopy	Copy output to clipboard
pbpaste	Paste from clipboard
caffeinate	Prevent sleep

Networking

Command	Description
ping <host>	Check connectivity
curl <url>	Fetch URL content
wget <url>	Download file
dig <domain>	DNS lookup
nslookup <domain>	DNS resolution
ifconfig	Network interfaces
netstat -tlnp	Listening ports
lsof -i :<port>	Process using port
traceroute <host>	Trace network path

System

Command	Description
top	Real-time processes
htop	Interactive process viewer
ps aux	All processes
kill <pid>	Terminate process
kill -9 <pid>	Force terminate
df -h	Disk usage
du -sh *	Directory sizes
free -h	Memory usage
uptime	System uptime

Package Managers

Command	Description
brew install <pkg>	Install via Homebrew
brew update	Update Homebrew
brew upgrade	Upgrade all packages
brew list	Installed packages
npm install <pkg>	Install Node package
pip install <pkg>	Install Python package
apt install <pkg>	Install via APT (Linux)

Shell & Config

Command	Description
echo $SHELL	Current shell
echo $PATH	Search paths
source ~/.zshrc	Reload shell config
alias ll='ls -la'	Create alias
export VAR=value	Set environment variable

Quick Reference

• cd ~ — go home
• cd - — go back
• ls -lah — all files with sizes
• grep -r "text" . — recursive search
• find . -type f -name "*.md" — find markdown files
• wc -l <file> — count lines
• sort <file> — sort lines
• uniq <file> — remove duplicates
• tar -xzf <file> — extract tar.gz
• zip -r <out> <dir> — create zip